The answer is fairly simple.
No, you can't. The copyright law is only ment for duplicating/distributing without permission. In case of a book, the copyright law prevents you to copy/distribute the book as is to other parties without notifying the author.
The authorsrights do still apply, which means: The author wrote it, and retains full rights of what he/she wrote. That means that you always need permission to ask if you can make a level about a part of the book. Most of the time when something like this happens, the author is feeling honoured though (when its for a book that is) which usually means that you get a yes from the author.
But as long as you don't have permission, its illegal if you just copy the story like that. I do believe that its allowed to base your story on someone, and crediting is part of showing appreciation.
By basing your story on a book, you create a story thats very similar to another, but different enough to see that its not the same. For example, you could change the location, or certain events that happen, and ofcource the characters must be different too.